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Marie Theresia (1717-1780)
Marie Thérèse, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1717-1780), was the older daughter of Charles VI; after the death of her brother Leopold (1716) and thanks to the Pragmatic Sanction (1713) she became heir to the
throne. At the age of 19 she married the Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine and from this wedding born 16
sons. Marie Thérèse succeeded to the throne from her father on 1740, but she raised many
objections: born the Austrian Succession War (1741-1748) which involved a lot of European Nations and it ended with the Aachen Peace (1748) when Francis I was recognized as
Emperor. But with the war were lost many territories such as the Slesia: Marie Therese wanted to reconquer it and from her conflict with Frederick II started the Seven years war (1756-1763). The war ended with the Peace of Hubertusburg (1763), but the Slesia remained to the
Prussians. When Marie Thérèse's sweetheart husband died, she withdrew herself the political life entrusting it to her older son and successor Joseph
II.
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Francis Stephen of Lorraine (1708-1765)
Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine (1708-1765), was the sweetheart hausband of the Empress Marie Therese of Austria. He was crowned Emperor as Francis I on 1745 and started the Habsburg-Lorraine
field. He was a bad soldier and he had very little interest in political life, than he left to govern his
wife, and he dedicate himself to the hunting and to many amusements.
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Marie Anne Josephe Jeanne Antoinette (1738-1789)
Marie Anne was the oldest child of Marie Theresia: she was born when the empress was still an archdukess and she was her favourite
daughter. She was very delicate, of fragile health and often ill; she loved
read, made artistic works, alla recitazione and she collected coins and objects of natural
sciences. In this she follwed her father, that she loved. She became a sister and she went in convento in 1766 and she stayed there untill 1781. Then she lived almost always in Vienna with her
mother. She died in Klagenfurt.
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Joseph II (1741-1790)
Joseph II (1741-1790) was the older son of the Empress Marie Therese of Austria and he was crowned Emperor on 1765 after the death of his father Francis I. He married the beautiful Isabel of Spain on 1760 and he was madly in love with
her. Isabel died of smallpox two years after, and left her hausband and her daughter
Therese. After her death, Marie Christine confessed to her brother that Isabel was falling in love with
her, not with Jospeh. Joseph II was a great admirer of Catherina II and Federick
II: he was an enlightened Emperor, with a strong progressive thought, but often he was at variance with his mother for the wars and religious
aims.
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Marie Christine (1742-1798)
Marie Christine (called Mimì), daughter of Marie Therese, was born on 1742. She married the Hungary palatine Albert of Sassonia-Teschen and she lived in
Presburg. She died on 1798.
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Marie Elisabeth (1743-1798)
Marie Elisabeth, as beautiful as coquettish, had many suitors for the wedding: the candidates were the kings of Polonia, Spain and France
(Louis XV, during his last years, even if he had a famous and beautiful lover like Madame du
Barry, wanted to marry the pretty Marie Elisabeth, but the contract was never been
signed, then never came to a conclusion). In 1767 she was heavily disfigured from the smallpox and she left single woman. On 1781 she became abbess and entered in the convent of Hall, in
Tirol.
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Karl Joseph Emanuel (1745-1761)
Karl died at the age of sixteen years.
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Marie Amélie (1746-1804)
Marie Amélie, when she got to the age to take an husband, she wanted marry the man who she
loved, the prince of Zweibrucken, but Marie Theresia decided for a more advantageous
wedding. In fact Amélie marryed in 1769, Ferdinand IV of Bourbon (1751-1801), duke of Parma, nephew of both the French and the Spanish
kings: Amélie took the power of the dukedom at the place of her husband, which prefered stravagant and private
hobbies. In 1771, agree with the clergy, the duckess sent away the Minister du
Tillot, a reformer philosopher, who from many years made the dukedom of Parma one of the most important centers of the illuminist
Italy. The new Minister of Parma was Don Giuseppe de Llano, was sent to the Parma's dukedom directly from the king of
Spain. Young, dissolute and generous, Amélie abolished every cerimonial from the court. For this reason she broked her relations with her
mother, the Spain and the France and the following attempts of reconciliation for the bith of her first
son.
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Peter Leopold II (1747-1792)
Leopold, after his wedding in 1765 with the infanta of Spain Marie Ludovica, daughter of Karl
III, became granduke of Tuscany (1765-1790). Under his governament he started many
riforms, which gave him the title of enlightened prince. After the death of his brother Joseph
II, Leopold became emperor of Austria in 1790.
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Marie Jeanne Gabrielle
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Marie Joséphe Gabrielle (1751-1767)
Marie Joséphe died of smallpox at the age of sixteen.
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Marie Caroline (1752-1814)
, Queen of Naples
Marie Caroline of Apsburg-Lorraine (1752-1814), daughter of Marie Therese and wife of Ferdinando
IV, King of Naples, from 1768. With her strong temperament, she sent away the enlightened Minister Tanucci and appointed John Fracis Actonprese which took the guide of the knigdom delivering that by the Spanish
influence. Marie Caroline was in opposition of the Revolutionary France: when the Parthenopean Republic fell (1799) she cruelty on the
patriots. When Napoleon declared the Bourbon decline on 1805, Marie Caroline took shelter in Sicily and then she went to Austria where she died in 1814.
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Ferdinand (1754-1806)
Ferdinand substituted the dauphin of France Louis Auguste on 19th April 1770, during Marie Antoinette's wedding by proxy celebrated in the Augustinian church in Vienna. In 1771 Ferdinand married Marie Beatrix, daughter of the prince Ercole III of
Este, duke of Modena, last exponent of his family, originating the new surname of
Asburgo-Este. Ferdinand will be the governor of Milan's lands.
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Maximilien Francois Xavier (1756-1802)
Maximilien was the youngest son of Marie Theresia, the only one who was born after Marie
Antoinette. On 7th February 1775, he arrived incognito to Versailles (accompanied from the old count of
Rosemberg, loved from the whole viennese court), under the false name of count
Burgau. Even if he was the youngest brother of the queen of France, he didn't win the french court's
hearts, indeed he showed hostility, because of his shyness. He became great master of the teutonic order and Prince Elector of Colonia.
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Louis XVI (1754-1793)
Louis August, the future Louis XVI (1754-1793), was the third son of the dauphin Louis
(died on 1765) and Marie Josephine (died on 1767) and succeeded to the throne from his grandfather Louis XV on 1774. Louis August married on 1770 Marie Antoinette of Austria. Louis was a simple and honest man, but he was also
weak, in fact in spite of the hope that he caused with his accession to the
throne, he didn't prove himself to be able to be master of the bad situation there was the France and the
monarchy. His indecision about political matters and his weakness to the Queen and the
nobles, his religious scruples and his fear of damaging the high clergy, pushed the French to the Revolution. On 5th October 1789 the King and the royal family were moved from Versailles to the Tuileries palace under the Parisian's
watch. The royal family tried to escape from Paris, but they were captured at Varennes only a day after on 21th June 1792. On September Louis XVI swore by the
Constitution. The royal family was shut in the Temple's tower and on 21th January 1793 at 10:20 Louis XVI was
guillotine: the Knig faced the gallows with dignity and he paid it for his mistakes and for his
predecessors, too.
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Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, called Madame Royale (1778-1851) She was the first daughter of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI and she was born between the 19 and the 20 December in front of an enormous courtier's crowd. During the French Revolutions, the brave "Mousseline", as her mother used to called her, was shut in the Temple with her family (1792) then, thanks to an exchange of hostages, she was exiled on 1795 and she went to Vienna. She married her cousin, the Duke of Angouleme, son of Charles X, about in 1880 in Milan. Madame Royale came back in France under Louis XVIII reign, but she became unpopular for her support to the reactionary measures about religion. Her husband died on 1844 and Marie Thérèse died in 1851.
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Louis-Joseph (1781-1789)
Dauphine Louis-Joseph
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Louis XVII
Louis Charles de France, future Louis XVII (1785-1795), Duke of Normandy, was the second son of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI and he became dauphin when his older brother Louis Joseph (1781-1789) died. Called by his mother with love "Chou d' amour", he was shut with the royal family in the Temple's tower and he was entrusted to Simon, a parisian shoemaker. Louis Charles died in prison on 1795.
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Marie Sophie Elene Beatrix (1786-1787)
Marie Sophie Elene Beatrix
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